Project Proposal Essay Example for Free

Project Proposal Essay Introduction HIV/ AIDS is a disease which has been prevalent among many people particularly in poor developing countries sub-Saharan Africa is part. HIV stands for human immuno deficiency virus which causes aids. This disease leads to lowering of person’s immunity to other diseases (Chambers,D.E Wedel, K.R (2005). With the lowered immunity the body becomes vulnerable to attacks by opportunistic infections. HIV/AIDS has been termed by many as a monster of the present day because the devastating effects it has had on the population. It has caused the deaths of many reliable young men and women who were the back bone of the economy. It has rendered many people orphans widows and widowers leaving them with no one to provide for their daily bread. It is for this reason there fore hat urgent measure s should be put in place to curb the spread of the disease. This project is intended to bring down the prevalence rates by introducing key measures. These are creation of community awareness, supply of free ARVs, supply of free protective devices such as condoms. Another way is reduction of stigma through voluntary counseling and testing. Thesis statement The spread of HIV aids which has remained a problem for a long time can be curbed. This can be achieved only if approaches proposed in this project proposal are followed and implemented to the letter. Analysis The causes and consequences of HIV/AIDS have been widely discussed and as such much attention should be directed towards reduction of the spread. There are many ideologies that have been advanced to support the source or cause of HIV/ AIDS. Some people have argued that aids is caused by witch craft while others argue that it is not real and yet others say it is a punishment to man kind for sinning against God. How ever, none of these ideologies should be taken seriously because AIDS is real and it is actually a viral disease (www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3769 – 4). By actual analysis it has been established that the project on reduction of the spread of HIV/AIDS is likely to benefit the entire population. This is through increased economic growth as result of a reduction of deaths among the working population. Also through reduction of spread of aids there will be reduction on human suffering in general. It is also argued that reduction in spread of this disease its likely to impact negatively on manufacturers of ARVS and other drugs that treat the disease. Not with standing this is can concluded that there no absolute gainers and losers in the fight against the spread of this disease. Policy elements Mission To gain a remarkable reduction in the levels of HIV/AIDS prevalence among the population and thus an improvement in life. Goals Improving living standards Creating awareness about the reality Objectives Creating employment opportunities To achieve free supply of ARVS to the less fortunate in the society Educating the community on the causes of the disease Sensitizing the community on safe sex practices Benefits and services The project on reduction of spread of HIV/AIDS is seen to have great visible benefits to the targeted population. These benefits will range from information and education on the cause of HIV/AIDS and how it can be prevented. The project is intended to provide free ARVs to those already affected b the scourge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other benefits and services expected from the project include free guidance and counseling to both positive and negative people in terms of status. This is seen to along way in reducing if not eliminating stigma which has been long associated with this disease. There will also be ‘home care’ for the bed ridded victims of this disease. This is likely to give hope to those others already affected by this disease both directly or in directly. Eligibility There are two categories of people who will be eligible to participate for benefit from this project. There those already infected by the disease and negative people who are wiling t actively participate in spreading the gospel of fighting HIV/AIDS.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The two categories are to be identified by voluntary testing and call for volunteers among the population. Once identified the categories will be listed and actively engaged in order to discover the full benefits of the program. Service delivery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To begin with as way of ensuring that service delivery is executed well, there will be a code of ethics that is to be observed by employees. An example of this a abiding by the confidentially rule which states that those dealing with clients or sick should not divulge their HIV status they are under duty to so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another way to ensure proper service delivery is by acting promptly to distress call e.g. a call from a sick in need of help say counseling. Showing empathy to those affected by the scourge is another way to win public trust. Through this the services delivered through the project will be perceived good and important by the community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally by taking complaints and compliments and acting on them appropriately will prove vital to good service delivery. Problem to be addressed The spread of HIV/AIDS has been a major problem affecting many countries especially in sub Saharan Africa. This proposal is aimed at tackling this key problem i.e. which has remained a nightmare to many i.e. spread of HIV/AIDS The spread of this disease has not been arrested as a result of failure to implement policies which have been formulated. The policies aimed at curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS has failed to succeed because the government has half heartedly opted to implement the policies. Evaluation At the end of every year assessment should be undertaken to evaluate if there has been any program in eradication of spread of HIV/AIDS in areas under coverage. Some of the activities for the indication of success in the program will entail; 1.Carrying out research   in the   areas   in the current prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS spreads prevailing data from hospitals and VCT centre through   questioners and interviews   to get   feedback from the community about their taking   of the activities   of the program   and its organization. Gain from the project and both compliments and complaints against the programs activity which will be used for appraisal of the program. There should be noted overall change in moral standards of the community. Prostitution, adultery and rape cases should have reduced in high rates from the social educational activities such as communal work, participation in the program and seminars in HIV/AIDS awareness campaign activities which should be undertaken in all cities and towns. Our supplies for products such as condoms dispensers and educational materials should be running out of stock and replenishing done more often. So tenders will eventually be often offered and varied. People should be freely attending aids testing and be ready to freely talk about the disaster without fear of stigmatization. Those infected should be able to undertake or carry on their normal life and remain productive. Family should have made it a norm to have HIV/AIDS and sexuality discussions at home. Timeline The program is to be undertaken in phases with each phase taking a 3 year period starting from phase1, through phase2 to phase4. In phase1, the main concern would be accruing professional and subordinate staff who shall be responsible for the policy formulated, implemented and evaluation of the program. Also   the conduct with community all have to start   to ensure the awareness   of the community   of the presence and the   fullness of the program The other hand achievement   will have to be posted as media stations to give the program a wider outlook and presence. In phase2, the program the program will hit the road aggressive campaign now that the staff are ready morally and aware of the requirements and targets. In this phase activities still carried a phase1 will have to keep abreast with the developments in the stage. At this point the participation in the community work will have hit the road, as it is very acceptable with main challenge viewing changing community participation of the HIV/aids disaster. At the last phase will entail consolidating the gains and improving on the inadequacies of the programme with an aim to have holistic achievement of the programme. So those activities which are not producing required results will be done away with and instead concentrate most of the resources on those policies that have high result. Problem to be addressed The problem is that with all the material and human resource which have already been used, very little or no considerable gain has been achieved in the current fight against the spread of the disaster in majority of the countries especially the sub-Saharan countries in Africa. The statistics have shown very little reduction inn the spread of the disaster and infact it is has actually just been reduced to an arithmetic growth rate which is not acceptable given the size of the resources used in the curbing of the menace. The situation is even made worse by the fact that, the cure is yet to be discovered. The program world therefore ensures the spread of the disaster is controlled and that those affected are well cared for and the people perception of the disaster changes and that people give up the fight just because a cure is not currently on shelves. The most important thing should be achievement in ensuring that the working population is not depleted and the professionals still remain to carry on the research and above all keep mankind from extinction. References Chambers,D.E Wedel, K.R (2005). Social Policy and social programs for the practical public policy analyst, 9th edition Definition of HIV/ AIDS available at: www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3769 – 4, accessed on March 21, 2008 Definition of HIV/ AIDS available at www.answers.com/topic/hiv 277k accessed on March 21, 2008

Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda :: History of Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden who is better known as Al Qaeda's Emir-General was born on July 30, 1957 in Saudi Arabia to Muhammad bin Judah bin Laden and Humid. He was the seventeenth child out of fifty-two. Osama went to Kin Abdulaziz University where he began studies in economics and management but left college in his third year. While at the university he learned Islamic studies and became very intrigued with this religion. Osama's father always urged his children to refrain from politics and religion debate, but Osama seemed interested in government and international politics. In 1973 Osama focused his time and energy on resources and advancement of Islam and Islamism. He also gained higher knowledge in mujahid fighting with wealth and sake for Allah. Osama is well established among the Afghan people. He is one of the scholars of the Jihad as well as being the main commander of the mujahideen worldwide. Dr. Abjullah Azzam leading Islamist influenced Osama for the next 10 years. Together in 1984 the two set up the Afghan service Bureau. Osama's first cam, al-Ansar, in Jaji in Afghanistan's Pakita province was built. In 1982 Essam al-Ride, a flight instructor, joined al Qaeda where he served as procurement officer and Osama's personal pilot. During this time Osama's father died and he inherited a huge sum of money, which he invested. He began to build several training camps and quest houses for the Arab mujidian's. In the mid 1980's Osama began to import machinery, building roads, cave complexes, and supervising the blasting of massive tunnels. Osama then began to win over the Afghan people by becoming humble and starting to live a simplistic life. He seemed to have the ability to befriend and communicate with fighters and live with the Afghan peasants. During his stay on the Afghan-Pakistan border his religious convictions began to deepen. In 1987 what was known as the Lion's Den Operation occurred, exposing Osama to Soviet poison gas. He suffered minor injuries from this attack. This in turn upset him and his dislike of the soviets grew. Osama's wealth and influence made him a natural leader of the Arab Mujahidin people. Osama spent much of his time after this on the front line while Azzam was the one who conceptualized Al Qaeda.

A report on two options for David Mackenzie & Co

David Mackenzie’s case is that of a typical entrepreneur started and family run business that experiences success and outgrows its existing set-up. Hitherto, Mackenzie thrived on one-off contracts and other local businesses, and his two other companies ran more or less the way it did before he acquired them.All three diverse companies have done financially well, but problems arise when David Mackenzie tries to integrate the operations of these three diverse companies to secure a wider range of orders. The problems relate to the diverse structures and problem of co-ordination among between, hindering the implementation of projects in a smooth and seamless manner.The options mulled by David Mackenzie is first, float a group of companies in the stock exchange, and second merge the three companies into one company. Both these options have their advantages and disadvantages.Advantages and disadvantages of floating the companies in the stock exchangeThe major advantage of floating t he Mackenzie group of companies in the stock exchange, which entails converting the hitherto private limited company into a public limited company (plc), is the ability to raise funds and capital through the sale of securities.The company would be able to sell their shares in the market, and secure large loans easily. Although Mackenzie does not have cash-flow problems at present, it might need infusion of finance as it expands and secures more large overseas orders. Mackenzie could purchase Clyde Electric Ltd only because the company lacked sufficient capital to sustain its growth, and there is every chance that the situation can repeat itself. Mackenzie does not seem to have huge cash reserves to finance possible expansions through internal accruals.Another advantage of listing the company in the stock exchange is infusion of professional corporate governance that Mackenzie group of companies hitherto lacked. Most of Mackenzie’s existing orders were possibly on the basis on personal efforts and one-off relationships, and highly centralized on the David Mackenzie.As the company grows and secures more international and large orders such a structure would not only fail to appeal to large institutional clients, but also fail to sustain the enhanced requirements such as professional decision-making, autonomy, responsibility and the likes.In the present set up all operations would most likely come to a standstill and the company might even fold up in David Mackenzie is not able to involve himself in the active running of the company for a length of time for any reason.A listed company becomes an independent entity and the board of directors would run the company even in the absence of the Managing Director. An added advantage of listing the company in the stock exchange is better visibility for the company, which in turn might lead to more orders. An increase in share prices would also add to the wealth of the shareholders, which would include David Mackenz ie.Floating the David Mackenzie group of companies in the stock exchange has its set of disadvantages also. In the present set up, Mackenzie is under no obligation to disclose financial information. A public listed company would have to publish its financial statements on a regular basis, and this can lure in competition to Mackenzie’s lucrative market.The need to disclose financial records and other compliance policies requires certified public accountants, and entails a lot of bureaucratic paperwork.The time, money and effort spend on such activities could be better spend on marketing and operations if the company is not made public. Share values tend to reflect the current financial gains, and most public listed companies thereby tend to take decisions that lead to short-term gains even at the cost of long-term interests. The Mackenzie group of companies may also fall into this trap once it goes public.In the initial stages of floating a public listed company, David Macken zie is likely to retain a huge majority of shares. As the requirement for cash to fund expansions and large scale operations increases, he might be tempted to sell more of his shares in the open market. This raises the possibility of a hostile takeover, or another party who has purchased a large number of shares from interfering and trying to influence the operations and decision making of the company.The advantages and disadvantages of merging the three companies into a single entityThe second option before David Mackenzie is to merge the three companies into one single entity. The main advantage of such a merger is removing duplication in works and efforts. At present, each of the three companies has their own marketing, human resource and finance departments, and the administrative functions and expenses duplicate.A merger could avoid such duplications and not only result in significant savings, but also increase efficiency and better coordination. A single marketing department t hat takes care of the three units, for instance means that the complaints regarding customers having to contact two or three separate marketing departments for a single project would cease.The marketing department would be able to tap into clients in a more effective manner, without duplicating efforts and providing a wider range of service and commitments. An integrated accounts department would likewise solve the issue of duplicate or missing invoices, and lead to better financial control and analysis of profitability of each project.The merger would likely result in the retrenchment of some redundant staff, but this also gives an opportunity to cut down on low-performers, and redeploy performers in a better manner.Another major advantage of mergers is the ability of these three companies to pool in their resources in the form of client database, office space, infrastructure and the like, all of which would facilitate growth.Mergers however come with their own disadvantages. Altho ugh there would be savings on fixed costs, a merged monolith is likely to have a higher per unit operational cost compared to the per unit operating cost of three separate entities.This will not be a cause for concern when times are good and there are plenty of orders, but when economic times go bad and orders diminish, this will have a negative effect and the higher unit cost could make the organization uncompetitive.The merger would also make it difficult to hive off a unit if, in future the unit becomes non-profitable and cuts into the profitability of the entire organization. Three different entities ensure that failure, mismanagement or shortcomings of one unit would not have a significant impact on the other two units. Merger will ensure that activities of one unit would have a significant on the other two units.The administrative act of effecting a merger is relatively easy. The main challenge in the case of the Mackenzie group of companies would relate to integrating the thr ee diverse companies, with three different modes of operations and internal systems.Another challenge is ensuing integration and co-ordinations of the operations of the three diverse units. While a merger would reduce duplication, unless the operational activities re-orient towards the three different sub-units of the new company working towards a common goal, the redundancies and delays in commissioning are likely to persist.

Essay on Customer Relationship Management - 1013 Words

Today, customer relationship management is very important to the business world. Most of the companies established a department and the programs to manage their relationship with the customers. Customer relationship management (CRM) is a business strategy which designed to help a company to understand and look forward to the needs of its potential and current customers (Anderson Stang, 2000). Customer data is being collected in several different areas of the company, stored in a central database, analyzed, and distributed to key points (Anderson Stang, 2000).The business world once was â€Å"product-centric†, the companies just provided what they could produce. However, it is now become â€Å"customer-centric†, they provide products and service†¦show more content†¦The merging of the customer data from sales and the call center interactions has created the more informed interactions with the customer (Petersen, 2004). The concept rang with the user organizat ions and mergers and acquisitions created a host of software that the vendors claimed to have an integrated set of capabilities that became known as customer relationship management (Petersen, 2004). Companies wanted to learn more about each and every individual customer and use the information to effectively take care of and manage their relationships, and yet increased customer satisfaction and profit. There are several objectives that the customer relationship management is being implemented, such as customer identification, customer differentiation, customer interaction and personalization (Peppers, 1998). First, it is very important for a company if it able to identify its customers. Different companies offer different products and services which may not satisfy all customers. The costs and efforts of acquiring new customers can be reduced and focused when the company finds out the customers who are its potential customers. 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